Just like us, oral hygiene is vitally important to our pets. A decline in oral health can lead to periodontal (dental) disease. This is a common disorder that progresses over time.  It starts with the development of plaque that builds up on the surface of teeth. This becomes harder and forms into tartar, trapping bacteria and causing inflammation, pain and bad breath. It can lead to loss of jawbone and loose teeth. The bacteria can enter the bloodstream and potentially lead to complications with vital internal organs. Quite obviously, dental disease can negatively impact our pets’ quality of life.

Some facts

• Adult dogs have 42 teeth and adult cats have 30 teeth. Adult humans have 32 teeth. 
• The make-up of animal teeth is the same as human teeth – with enamel, dentin and a pulp cavity.
• At least 80% of pets develop some form of dental disease over the age of 3 years.
• Dental issues are more common in older pets. 
• Brachycephalic or flat-faced dogs and cats are more likely to develop dental disease due to the anatomy of their mouth. They often have malocclusion and crowded teeth. 
• Many cats and some dogs have a painful disease process under the gum-line called resorptive lesions. This is often not known until dental x-rays are done.
  
  

Signs and Symptoms

Sometimes our pets do not show any obvious signs of dental issues. However, they may exhibit the following symptoms:

– Bad breath (halitosis)

– Excessive drooling

– Pawing at the mouth or face

– Difficulty or hesitation in eating 

– Reduced appetite

– Inflammation with red or swollen gums

– Bleeding gums, especially when eating or chewing on toys

– Pus around teeth

– Loose or missing teeth

Stages of Periodontal Disease

1. Gingivitis: The first stage of the disease process is characterized by red, swollen gums that may bleed easily. At this stage, the condition is reversible with proper dental care.

2. Early Periodontitis: The gums start to pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that harbor bacteria. This stage may cause bad breath and minor bone loss.

3. Moderate Periodontitis: Increased pocket depth and moderate bone loss occur, leading to loosening of teeth.

4. Advanced Periodontitis: Severe bone loss, deep pockets, and tooth mobility. This stage can lead to tooth loss and significant pain for your pet.

Prevention

1. Brushing Teeth:

Brush your pet’s teeth using pet-specific toothpaste, which comes in many different flavours. This can take some training, working up to a finger-brush or soft pet toothbrush. Regular brushing helps prevent plaque formation.

2. Healthy Diet:

Feed your pet a specially formulated food to support dental health. This can help act like a mechanical toothbrush and reduce plaque build-up. We recommend Hills T/D or Royal Canin Dental food.

3. Dental Chews:

Provide dental chews and toys designed to reduce plaque and tartar. These can be a fun way for your pet to maintain oral health. Our favourites are Orovet or Greenies. Bones are NOT recommended as they can cause some serious problems including broken teeth and intestinal issues.

4. Dental Rinse:

Add a dental rinse to your pets’ water. This may help reduce bacteria and freshen breath. The rinse we like best is OxyFresh.

Treatment

1. Regular Dental Check-ups:

Schedule dental check-ups with your veterinarian, once or twice a year. They can detect early signs of periodontal disease and recommend appropriate treatments.

2. Professional Dental Cleaning:

A professional dental cleaning may be required to remove plaque and tartar buildup, especially if your pet already shows signs of gingivitis or periodontal disease. This is done under a general anaesthetic where your pet will be closely monitored. Dental X-rays are performed to assess under the gum-line and each tooth is probed and checked. This allows a decision on whether teeth are healthy and then, if necessary, extractions are performed. Lastly, a scale and polish of all teeth is done. The result is beautiful clean teeth, fresh breath and a healthier, happier pet. 

Maintaining good oral hygiene is crucial for your pet’s well-being. Dental disease can significantly impact your pets’ quality of life. Thankfully, it is easily preventable and treatable. By taking proactive steps in dental care, you can ensure your furry friend stays healthy and happy. A healthy mouth contributes to a healthy pet.