What is Periodontal (Dental) Disease?

Periodontal (Dental) Disease is a common condition in pets that develops over time. It begins with plaque that builds up, hardens into tartar, and traps bacteria, which leads to inflammation, pain and bad breath. Left untreated, it can cause loss of jawbone, tooth loss, and even complications with internal organs. This is why we strongly recommend good dental care.

How is it Diagnosed?

At each vet visit, your pet’s teeth are assessed, and we assign a Dental Score on a scale from 0 to 4. We look at:

• The amount of plaque and tartar present
• Whether there is gum inflammation (gingivitis)
• If gum (gingival) recession is visible
• How much pain your pet may be experiencing

We will also try to predict if any extractions are needed, although this can be difficult without a full examination under anaesthetic. Tartar can cover teeth and hide underlying problems, which makes it hard to accurately assess tooth health in an awake animal.

How is it Treated?

Periodontal disease is treated with a Periodontal (Dental) Procedure. This is a day procedure performed under general anaesthetic (GA). Your pet will need to be fasted overnight, with dinner the night before but no breakfast. On the morning of the procedure, they are admitted to the clinic. We will explain the process in detail and ask you to sign a consent form. The procedure usually takes place during the middle of the day, and your pet is discharged in the mid to late afternoon.

What Happens on the Day?

Your pet’s dental procedure is a full-day process at the clinic. Here’s what to expect step by step:

1. Admission

• You drop your pet off in the morning after fasting overnight.
• We explain the procedure and ask you to sign a consent form.

2. Pre-procedure checks

• A physical examination is performed.
• Blood is taken to check red and white blood cells, liver and kidney function, glucose, and protein.
• If abnormalities are found, the vet will call you before proceeding.

3. Pre-medication

• Your pet is given a mild sedative and pain relief injection to help them relax.
• An intravenous (IV) catheter is placed, usually in a front leg.

4. Anaesthetic

• Anaesthetic induction drug is given through the IV line.
• An endotracheal (ET) tube is placed to provide oxygen and anaesthetic gas, while protecting the airway.
• IV fluids (a drip) are run to support blood pressure and organ function.
• Your pet is continuously monitored by equipment and staff.

5. Dental X-rays

• Full mouth X-rays are taken to check teeth under the gum line.
• These guide decisions about whether extractions are needed.
• If extractions are required, we may call you to discuss them.

6. Periodontal treatment

• Each tooth is probed and scaled to remove tartar and plaque.
• If extractions are needed, there are 3 types:
  • Simple extractions: teeth removed easily with a dental elevator
  • Complex extractions: teeth sectioned with a drill before removal
  • Surgical extractions: gum flap created to access deep roots, tooth removed, site sutured

• All teeth are polished, and the mouth rinsed with an antiseptic solution.

7. Recovery

• Your pet is monitored closely as they wake up.
• You will receive a call once they are alert and stable.

8. Discharge

• At pick-up, the vet will:
  • Review dental X-rays with you
  • Explain extractions or abnormalities
  • Provide guidance on home dental care

• You’ll also receive:
  • A discharge sheet
  • A copy of X-rays
  • A dental chart of your pet’s mouth
  • Any required medication
  • A dental pack with finger cloth, pet toothpaste, and a sample of dental food

• A follow-up check is often recommended 3–4 days later.